Free Download Samsung Galaxy Ace GT-S5830 VIR United kingdom 2.3.5 Gignerbread S5830XWKS3
Wireless Device
..:: Alcatel BB Multi Unlocker Key v15.0 Clanecuador ::..
Wednesday, August 31, 2016
How to flash Lenovo A328 stock ROM
How to flash Lenovo A328 stock ROM
How to flash Lenovo A328 stock ROM with SP flash tool
Step 1: Download the Stock Rom and extract it on your Computer.
Step 2: Download Smart Phone Flash Tool on Your computer and extract it.
Step 3: Open Flash_tool.exe .
Step 4: Click on the Scatter-Loading Button from the Right.
Step 5: Now, Locate the Scatter File, you will find this file in stock ROM folder.
Step 6: Now, Click on the Download Button to begin the Flashing Process.
Step 7: Connect your Smartphone to the Computer using USB Cable. After connecting the device to the computer Press Volume Down or Volume Up key, so that your computer easily detect your phone.
Step 8: Now flashing process will start in the bottom in yellow color.
Step 9: Once Flashing is completed, a Green Ring will appear.
Step 10: Unplug USB cable from your smartphone, and swith ON your phone.
Flashing Successful
Downloads:
Step 1: Download the Stock Rom and extract it on your Computer.
Step 2: Download Smart Phone Flash Tool on Your computer and extract it.
Step 3: Open Flash_tool.exe .
Step 4: Click on the Scatter-Loading Button from the Right.
Step 5: Now, Locate the Scatter File, you will find this file in stock ROM folder.
Step 6: Now, Click on the Download Button to begin the Flashing Process.
Step 7: Connect your Smartphone to the Computer using USB Cable. After connecting the device to the computer Press Volume Down or Volume Up key, so that your computer easily detect your phone.
Step 8: Now flashing process will start in the bottom in yellow color.
Step 9: Once Flashing is completed, a Green Ring will appear.
Step 10: Unplug USB cable from your smartphone, and swith ON your phone.
Flashing Successful
Downloads:
SP Flash Tool
Go to link download
Symphony B2i Official Firmware
Symphony B2i Official Firmware
Symphony B2i Official Firmware
Ver-B2i_0_new_LCD
Ver-B2i_0_old_LCD
Without Password?
Ver-B2i_0_new_LCD
Ver-B2i_0_old_LCD
Without Password?
skhasan2005@yahoo.com
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Samsung Galaxy Grand Prime SM G530F Cert File Download
Samsung Galaxy Grand Prime SM G530F Cert File Download
Hello Friends, Welcome to GSMFirmware.in Here you will get the Samsung Galaxy Grand Prime SM-G530F Download of Latest file version 2016. We are ready here to provide your desire Android files free Download.
Samsung Galaxy Grand Prime SM-G530F Cert File Download
Galaxy SM-G530f Sim Unlock Cert File Download
How To Sim unlock Galaxy SM-G530f
Cert File Download SM-G530f 100% Tasted cert download
If you want to require knowing more about Samsung Galaxy Grand Prime SM-G530F file Resource or updates. Please ask to us via our contact us form or comment box. Please make sure that, you don’t send Personal information via the Comment box. Thank you for being with us.
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Download BB Multi Unlocker Key v15 0 v19 Clanecuador
Download BB Multi Unlocker Key v15 0 v19 Clanecuador
BB Multi Unlocker Key Clanecuador calculates the unlock code for Huawei modems with an IMEI number that begins with the number 35 and some mobile phone models : BlackBerry, Alcatel, ZTE and HTC Smart. You can use BB Multi Unlocker Key v15.0 Clanecuador to unlock the SIM restriction of your equipment safely.
HUAWEI MODEM
E156, E156G, E160, E160G, E169G, E170, E172, E176, E180, E182E, E196, E270, E271, E272, E510, E612, E618, E620, E630, E660, E660A, E800, E870, E880, EG162, EG162G, EG602, EG602G, E630+
Click « Codes by IMEI » (1), select the model of your modem (2), and enter the serial number in « IMEI » (3). Click « Calculate code » (4) to generate your « unlock code » (5).
Configuration Internet Connection There are several possibilities to enter the unlock code obtained previously. Download the latest version of the dashboard Mobile Partner This connection manager is compatible with all unlocked Huawei modems.Insert a SIM card from another operator in the modem, connect the device to the computer. Run Mobile Partner, enter the unlock code generated in the pop up window click « OK » to unlock the modem.
After the release of the modem, it is important to configure Mobile Partner connection software for internet access and for details on the procedure. ... read more
ZTE MOBILE
SFR 232, SFR 341, SFR 342, Orange Vegas, Vodafone Indie, X760, X761, X960, GX760, GX761, T-Mobile Vairy Touch
ALCATEL MOBILE
Mandarina Duck, Miss Sixty, OT203, OT203A, OT203E, OT280, OT303, OT360, OT363, OT383, OT600, OT660, OT708, OT800, Playboy, S215, S218, S319, S320, S321, S520, S621, S853, V570, V670, V770, VM621I
Run BB Multi Unlocker Key to access this interface, click the « Alcatel » tab (1) then select your model (2).
After selecting the « PID » (3) adequate and enter the serial number of the phone in « IMEI » (4). Click "Unlock" to get « NCK & SPCK » (5), enter one of these codes to release your Alcatel.
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Allwinner A23 Q8H V5 Tablet Firmware Free Download
Allwinner A23 Q8H V5 Tablet Firmware Free Download
Allwinner A23 Q8H-V5 Tablet 100% Working Firmware Free Download
cpu: allwinner a23
board: q8h-v5 2013-12-26
wifi: Espressif ESP8089
touch: ILEAD GSL1680
Download
board: q8h-v5 2013-12-26
wifi: Espressif ESP8089
touch: ILEAD GSL1680
Download
Go to link download
Framaroot Supported Devices
Framaroot Supported Devices
Simply give the name of your device and the exploit name you have used.
Framaroot-1.4.1.apk - 2.14 MB
Framaroot-1.4.2.apk - 2.16 MB
Framaroot-1.4.3.apk - 2.02 MB
Framaroot-1.5.0.apk - 2.02 MB
Framaroot-1.5.1.apk - 2.02 MB
Framaroot-1.5.2.apk - 2.03 MB
Framaroot-1.5.3.apk - 2.03 MB
Framaroot-1.6.0.apk - 2.03 MB
Framaroot-1.6.1.apk - 908.2 KB
Framaroot-1.7.0.apk - 1.03 MB
Framaroot-1.7.1.apk - 1.03 MB
Framaroot-1.8.0.apk - 1.03 MB
Framaroot-1.8.1.apk - 1.03 MB
Framaroot-1.9.0.apk - 1.03 MB
Framaroot-1.9.1.apk - 1.03 MB
Framaroot-1.9.2.apk - 1.23 MB
Framaroot-1.9.3.apk - 1.25 MB
Compatibility for Qualcomm devices (Gandalf exploit only) :
Compatibility for MTK devices (Boromir, Faramir and Barahir exploits only) :
Compatibility for Huawei K3V2 devices (Pippin exploit only) :
Compatibility for AMLogic devices (Gollum exploit only) :
Compatibility for Samsung devices (Legolas and Aragorn exploits only) :
Compatibility for Exynos devices (Sam, Frodo, Legolas and Aragorn exploits only) :
Compatibility for Omap36XX devices (Gimli exploit only) :
Framaroot-1.4.2.apk - 2.16 MB
Framaroot-1.4.3.apk - 2.02 MB
Framaroot-1.5.0.apk - 2.02 MB
Framaroot-1.5.1.apk - 2.02 MB
Framaroot-1.5.2.apk - 2.03 MB
Framaroot-1.5.3.apk - 2.03 MB
Framaroot-1.6.0.apk - 2.03 MB
Framaroot-1.6.1.apk - 908.2 KB
Framaroot-1.7.0.apk - 1.03 MB
Framaroot-1.7.1.apk - 1.03 MB
Framaroot-1.8.0.apk - 1.03 MB
Framaroot-1.8.1.apk - 1.03 MB
Framaroot-1.9.0.apk - 1.03 MB
Framaroot-1.9.1.apk - 1.03 MB
Framaroot-1.9.2.apk - 1.23 MB
Framaroot-1.9.3.apk - 1.25 MB
Compatibility for Qualcomm devices (Gandalf exploit only) :
- ASUS Memopad FHD 10 LTE
- Asus Padfone 1/2
- Asus Padfone A66
- Asus Padfone Infinity
- Asus Transformer Pad Infinity TF700KL
- Archos 50 Platinum
- BLU Studio 5.3 S
- BW T18+ (Fortis Evo)
- Cloudfone Thrill 430x
- Disgo 8400g
- DNS S4504/S4503/S4502
- FAEA F1
- Gigabyte GSmart G1315 Skate
- Gigabyte GSmart Rio R1
- Google Nexus 4
- Highscreen Spark/OMEGA Q/Blast/Strike/Boost
- Hisense AD683G
- HTC One S
- Huawei Ascend G330D U8825D
- Huawei Ascend G526
- Huawei Honor Pro (U8950-1)
- Huawei Premia 4g
- Huawei U8815/U8816 Ascend G300/G301
- Huawei U8825D Ascend G330D
- Huawei Vitria Y301-A2
- Huawei Y215
- K-TOUCH TITAN S100
- Karbonn Titanium S5
- Kyocera Hydro Edge
- Kyocera Hydro Xtrm
- Kyocera Torque
- Lenovo A600e
- Lenovo A706
- Lenovo S870E
- LF-LTE3 (F260S)
- LG Nitro HD
- LG L1 II
- LG L7 II P700/P710/P714/P715/P870
- LG Lucid 2 (VS870)
- LG Optimus Dynamic 2
- LG Optimus F5 (P875)
- LG Optimus F7
- LG Optimus G E970/E975
- LG Optimus L3 II E425
- LG Optimus L5 E610/612/615
- LG Optimus L7 II P710/P713/ P714/P715
- LG Optimus L7 P700/?705
- LG Optimus LTE 2
- MEDION LIFE P4013
- Micromax A111 Canvas Doodle
- Motorola Defy Mini XT321
- Oppo Find 5
- Orange Nivo
- Orange Yumo
- Orange Zali
- Pantech Discover
- Pantech Flex
- Pantech IM-A840S Vega S5
- Pantech Sky S5 A840S
- Pentagram Combo
- Phicomm i370w / i600 / i800
- Samsung Galaxy Core i8260
- Samsung Galaxy Express GT-I8730
- Samsung Galaxy Win I8552
- Sharp Aquos Phone SH930W
- Smartfren Andromax U
- Smartfren Andromax i2
- Sony Xperia E C1505/Dual C1605
- Sony Xperia L C210X
- teXet TM-3204R
- teXet TM-4677
- Xiaomi Mi-2S
- Yarvik Ingenia Compact SMP35-200
- ZTE T83 (Telstra Dave)
- ZTE V880G/ZTE V955
- ZTE V9815 Grand Memo N5
- ZTE Warp Sequent
- Waiting feedbacks ...
Compatibility for MTK devices (Boromir, Faramir and Barahir exploits only) :
- A8 Alps
- Acer A1-810
- Acer A1-811
- Acer B1-711
- Acer Iconia A3-A10
- Acer Liquid E2
- Acer Liquid Z3
- Alcatel 975N (Vodafone Smart 3)
- Alcatel OT 4030D SPOP
- Alcatel OT 8008D Scribe HD
- Alcatel OT 997D
- Alcatel OT Fierce
- Alcatel OT Idol 6012X / Le Mobile Sosh / Orange Hiro
- Alcatel OT Idol 6030X/6030D/6030H
- Alcatel OT Scribe Easy 8000a
- Alcatel OT Star 6010X
- Alcatel OT Pop C5
- Alcatel OT Ultra 6033x
- Alcatel OT XPop 5035D
- Amoi N828
- Archos 40 Titanium
- Arc Mobile 350D
- ASUS Memo Pad HD 7
- atab4w
- AVUS A24
- BEDOVE X12
- Blu Dash 5.0
- Blu Life Play
- BLU ONE X
- BLU Studio 5.0 / 5.5 / 5.5S
- BQ Aquaris 5 / 5.7
- BQ Elcano
- Brondi Glory 2
- Cat B15
- Changhong z9
- Charmpin (UTime) G7
- Cherry Mobile Amber
- Cherry Mobile Burst 2
- Cherry Mobile Cosmos S
- Cherry Mobile Cosmos X
- Cherry Mobile Omega XL
- Cherry Mobile Thunder 2.0
- Chinese Star S7589
- Chuwi VX1
- Coolbox Quore v57
- Coolpad F1 (8297)
- Cube U39GT 3G (CubeTalk 9)
- Cube U51GT C4
- Cube U55GT (CubeTalk 79)
- Cubot A890
- CUBOT GT90 / GT99
- CUBOT ONE
- CUBOT X6 / P6
- DAXIAN XY100S
- Doogee DG200 Hotwind
- Doogee DG350
- Evercoss A7S
- Excelvan ET704
- Explay HD Quad
- Explay infinity II
- Explay Polo
- Explay Surfer 7.32 3G
- Explay Surfer 8.31 3G
- Explay X-Tremer
- Fly IQ440 Energie
- Fly IQ441 Radiance
- Fly IQ442 Miracle
- Fly IQ443 Trend
- Fly IQ446 Magic
- Fly IQ450 Quattro Horizon 2
- Fly IQ451
- Gionee 868H
- Gionee E7 mini
- Gionee Elife E3
- Gionee GN 708
- Gionee Pioneer P2
- GoClever Fone 570Q
- GoClever Quantum 4
- GoClever Tab M713G
- Goophone N3
- GSmart Aku A1
- GSmart Sierra S1
- GuoPhone G9002
- Haier W718
- Haipai I9389
- HDC I9500/N9006
- Highscreen Alpha GTX
- Hisense U970
- HKC Q79 3G
- Hosin v70
- Huawei U8836D G500 Pro
- Huawei G610-U00 / G610-U20
- Huawei G700-U10 / G700-U20
- Huawei Ascend G730
- Huawei Y320
- Huawei Y511
- HTM A6
- HTM M1/M3
- HUMMER H1+
- iBall Slide 3G Q1035
- IconBIT NetTAB Space 3G Duo
- IconBIT NetTAB Mercury Q7
- I-mobile series I-style 7.2
- Inco Colossus II
- INEW I6000+
- iNEW V3
- Intex Aqua HD
- iOcean X7
- iWING WTD2
- Jiake JK 11
- Jiayu F1
- Jiayu G2
- Jiayu G3S
- Jiayu G4
- Just5 Spacer
- Karbonn A1 / A30 / A9+
- Karbonn Titanium S2
- Kata i3
- Kata Venus 3
- KENEKSI Beta
- KingTopKt07
- Kvd N3+
- LANIX ILIUM S600
- Lava iris 405 / 503
- Lenovo A3300
- Lenovo B8000-H
- Lenovo 10.1" Tablet S6000
- Lenovo IdeaPhone P700i
- Lenovo IdeaPhone S720
- Lenovo IdeaTab A3000-H
- Lenovo IdeaTab S6000-H
- Lenovo P770/P780
- Lenovo S890, S720, S820, S920, A390, A850, A516, A656, A368i, A369i, A859
- Lenovo S5000-H
- Lenovo S6000-F
- Lenovo Yoga 8 / 10
- Le Pan TC802a
- M-Pai 809T
- M4tel SS1060
- Mi354 "Spice Smart Flo Space"
- Micromax A58
- Micromax A89 Ninja
- Micromax A90
- Micromax A114 / A117
- Micromax A115 Canvas 3D
- Micromax Canvas 2 Colors A120
- Micromax Canvas 2 Plus
- Micromax Canvas 4 A210
- Micromax Canvas EGO A113
- Micromax Canvas HD
- Mlais MX70
- MoreFine S6 Pro
- Motorola RAZR D1
- Motorola RAZR D3
- MSI primo 76
- MyPhone Agua Iceberg
- Mysaga C2
- N800 Mini Note
- Neken N6
- NEO N003 Advance
- Newman N1 / K18
- Nexa Vega N4
- NGM Forward Prime
- NGM Forward Young
- NGM Dynamic Racing GP
- No.1 S7
- Omate TrueSmart
- Onda v819 3G tablet
- OPPO Find Clover
- Oppo find 5 mini
- Oppo findway U7015
- OUMEI X5
- Overmax Vertis-01/01+
- Overmax Vertis-02/02+
- Pantech Vega LTE Ex (IM-820L)
- Pearl Smartwatch AW-414
- Philips W536
- Philips W736
- Phoenix Rockx1
- PocketBook SURFpad 3
- Prestigio Multipad 4 Quantum
- Prestigio MultiPhone 4055
- Prestigio MultiPhone PAP 3350/3400/4505/5044 DUO
- Runbo x5 / x6
- S09 W63 IP68
- Sesonn N9200+
- Sharp AQUOS SH837W
- Shengda S4
- Sky Vega A800S
- Smartfren Andromax V
- Star HD9000+
- Star N8000
- Star N9800
- Star S5 Butterfly
- Star S6
- Star S9500
- Starmobile Diamond V3
- Starmobile Knight
- Symphony Xplorer ZII
- Tecno R7
- TeXet NaviPad TM-7055HD
- Texet TM-5277
- THL T100S / T200
- THL V12
- THL W8 Beyond
- THL W8S
- THL W11
- THL W100(S) (130711)
- THL W200(S)
- Tronsmart TS7
- Ulefone u7
- Utime U100S
- Vonino Ego QS
- Vonino Sirius QS
- Xiaocai X9
- Xiaomi Hongmi / Redmi
- Xolo A600/Q700/Q800/Q3000
- Zen Ultrafone 701HD
- ZOPO 980/990
- ZOPO C2 Platinum
- ZOPO C3
- ZOPO ZP910
- ZOPO ZP300+ / ZP500+
- ZOPO ZP900 Leader
- ZOPO ZP950H
- ZOPO ZP990+
- ZOPO ZP998
- ZTE BLADE G2 V880H
- ZTE BLADE Q
- ZTE BLADE Q MAXI / MINI
- ZTE Kis
- ZTE Leo S1
- ZTE N986
- ZTE Open
- ZTE Roamer 2
- ZTE V795
- ZTE V880G/H
- ZTE V967S
- ZTE V987 Grand X Quad
- Walpad
- Walton Primo F3i / G1 / H2 / EF
- Wiko Cink Peax 2
- Wiko Darkfull
- Wiko Darknight
- Wiko Darkmoon
- Wiko Iggy
- Wiko Ozzy
- Wiko Rainbow
- Wiko Stairway
- Waiting feedbacks ...
Compatibility for Huawei K3V2 devices (Pippin exploit only) :
- Huawei Ascend D1 Quad XL U9510E
- Huawei Ascend G615
- Huawei Ascend Mate
- Huawei Honor 2
- Huawei MediaPad 10 Link
- Waiting feedbacks ...
Compatibility for AMLogic devices (Gollum exploit only) :
- Waiting feedbacks ...
Compatibility for Samsung devices (Legolas and Aragorn exploits only) :
- Samsung Galaxy Core GT-I8262
- Samsung Galaxy S Aviator
- Samsung Galaxy S M110S
- Samsung Galaxy Proclaim S720C
- Samsung Galaxy Young GT-S6312/GT-S6310
- Samsung Illusion SCH-I110
- Samsung Lightray SCH-R940
- Waiting feedbacks ...
Compatibility for Exynos devices (Sam, Frodo, Legolas and Aragorn exploits only) :
- AT&T Galaxy Note 2 SGH-I317
- Highscreen Explosion
- Hyundai T10
- Hyundai T7s
- Impression 9702 (Exynos 4412)
- Lenovo K860/?860i
- Newman N2
- Meizu MX2
- Samsung Galaxy Camera EK-GC100
- Samsung Galaxy Note 10.1 GT-N8000, GT-N8010, GT-N8013, GT-N8020
- Samsung Galaxy Note 2 GT-N7100
- Samsung Galaxy Note 2 LTE GT-N7105
- Samsung Galaxy Note 8.0
- Samsung Galaxy Note GT-N7000
- Samsung Galaxy S GT-i9000
- Samsung Galaxy S2 AT&T SGH-I777
- Samsung Galaxy S2 Epic 4G Touch - SPH-D710
- Samsung Galaxy S2 GT-I9100
- Samsung Galaxy S3 GT-I9300
- Samsung Galaxy S3 LTE GT-I9305
- Samsung Galaxy Tab Plus GT-P6200/GT-P6210
- Samsung Galaxy Tab 7.7 GT-P6800/GT-P6810
- Samsung Galaxy Tab 7.7 SCH-i815
- Samsung SGH-i997 Infuse 4G
- T-Mobile Galaxy Note 2 T-889
- Verizon Galaxy Note 2 SCH-I605
- iBerry Auxus CoreX2 3G and CoreX4 3G
Compatibility for Omap36XX devices (Gimli exploit only) :
- Archos Gen8
- Cliq 2 MB611
- Coolpad Quattro 4G
- Droid 2 (a955)
- Droid 2 Global (a956)
- Droid X (MB810)
- LG Marquee LS855
- LG P970 Optimus Black
- Motorola DEFY+ (MB525 / MB526)
- Motorola Droid PRO
- Motorola Droid X
- Motorola Milestone 2
- Motorola XPRT
- Parrot ASTEROID Smart
- R2D2 (a957)
Go to link download
Samsung Galaxy J7 SM J7008 Mt6572 Firmware
Samsung Galaxy J7 SM J7008 Mt6572 Firmware
BB_CPU_PID : 6572
BB_CPU_NME : [MediaTek] MT6572_S00
BB_CPU_EXT : 0xCA01 , 0x8A00 , 0x0000
Processing BROM stage
Settings for BROM configured!
SecCfgVal : 0x00000000
BromVer : 0x00FF
BLVersion : 0x0001
PreLoader : Active [ Boot with PL ]
BootLdrSS : NORMAL with SPRELOADER
Processing DA stage
DA Select done, will use MTK_AllInOne_DA_v5.1620.10.01
Sending and initialize DA ...
Running DA ver.4.2 on BBID : 0x88
NAND Flash : NOT INSTALLED
eMMC Flash : 11010030303447453001F31747C35225
Initialize Memory ...
DRAM already initialized by Preloader
DAgent sent , init HW now
eMMC FlashIC initialized
[eMMC] : FLASH_VEN : 0x11 , OEM : 0100
[eMMC] : FLASH_INF : [TOSHIBA] , 0EG40
[eMMC] : FLASH_CID : 11010030303447453001F31747C35225
[eMMC] : FLASH_BRT : 0x00200000 , 0x00200000 , 0x00080000
[eMMC] : FLASH_LEN : 0x00000000EC000000
[eMMC] : FLASH_UCP : 3776 MiB [eMMC 4 GiB]
DEV RID : 0x0D22E228089065B7FC9ED14BD478AF4F
INT RAM : 0x00020000
EXT RAM : 0x20000000 [512 MiB]
BOOT TYPE : EMMC_FLASH_BOOT
SOC VERIFY : C1
Boot Ok!
Reading Flash Content now ...
Brand : alps
ProdName : rtech72_we_72_kk
ProdModel : rtech72_we_72_kk
Device : rtech72_we_72_kk
AndroidVer: 4.4.2
MTKxCPU : MT6572
MTKxPRJ : ALPS.KK1.MP6.V1
[Read Ok] : preloader_rtech72_we_72_kk.bin :97.8Kb
[Read Ok] : MBR
[Read Ok] : EBR1
[Read Ok] : lk.bin
[Read Ok] : boot.img
[Read Ok] : recovery.img
[Read Ok] : secro.img
[Read Ok] : logo.bin
[Read Ok] : system.img
[Read Ok] : cache.img
[Read Ok] : userdata.img
[ScatCFG] : MT6572 / V1.1.1 / rtech72_we_72_kk / EMMC
Android Info saved
MAUI Meta DB saved
HWConfig Info saved
FW Size : 866 MiB
Scatter saved to :
MT6572__alps__rtech72_we_72_kk__rtech72_we_72_kk__4.4.2__ALPS.KK1.MP6.V1
Paid File: RS.200
Payment info: Whatsapp+923136969696
Payment JazzCash 03156969696
How To Flash:
- Its a Scatter file you can flash it with SP Flash Tool or any Flasher Box
- Select “scatter-Loading” and Slect MT6572_Android_scatter.txt in folder
- Wait file to be added into Flash Tool Or Any Flashing box
- Select “Download Only” or if upgrade “Firmware upgrade” in Flash Tool
- Turn off your phone
- Press “Download” Button to start
- And connect your phone with PC via USB data cable.
- The process will start and a red progress bar will appear after color purple, yellow.
- And green circles display
- Finish !
- You can now safely disconnect your phone and turn it on.
- its Done..!
Full Tutorial Here
Join Us!
Go to link download
Geo Super Latest Biss key
Geo Super Latest Biss key
Geo Super Latest Biss key,
Geo super is the sports channel of Pakistan. This channel provides all type of matches and games of all countries before launching of ptv sports. After the launching of ptv sports Govt Of Pakistan tell to stop the live telecasting of cricket matches in Pakistan and other countries and ptv sports live telecast these matches in pakistan on biss key for their nation.
The geo super is also launched on biss key at paksat 1R 38 Degree. This biss key is not working on Asia Sat 105 Degree,
New Biss Key:10 6C F9 75 BC 5B 4F 66
Updated On 08-04-2014
Go to link download
Huawei E353 Unlock Code Download Firmware Specs
Huawei E353 Unlock Code Download Firmware Specs
Huawei E353 WCDMA 3G USB Wireless Modem Dongle * Plug and Play (PnP)
* Built-in antenna and external antenna (connector type CRC-9)
* Multi-color LED indicator status
* Data Service and SMS
Download (Télécharger) Firmware Update Huawei E353 Huawei E353 Unlocked Full Specs, Features, Reviews and Price:
| General | |
|---|---|
| Model | E353 |
| Sub-Models | E353s-1, E353Ws, E353Ws-1, E353s-6, E353u-1, E353u-2, E353u-6, E353Wu-1 |
| Brand | HUAWEI |
| Type | 3G USB Modem |
| Ports | USB 2.0 High Speed |
| Modem | |
|---|---|
| Chipset | Qualcomm MSM8200A |
| Firmware | 11.810.09.40.156 |
| Algorithm | NEW ALGO |
| Hardware ver. | CP1E353UM |
| Dimensions | |
|---|---|
| Weight | <26 g |
| Height | 89 mm |
| Width | 27 mm |
| Depth | 12 mm |
| Frequency Bands | |
|---|---|
| 3G: HSPA+/UMTS | 900 MHz, 2100 MHz |
| 2G: GSM/GPRS/EDGE | 850 MHz, 900 MHz, 1800 MHz, 1900 MHz |
| Connectivity Speed | |
|---|---|
| HSPA+ | 21.6 Mbps |
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About Cell Biology The Basic Unit Of Life
About Cell Biology The Basic Unit Of Life
Introduction:
Cell (biology), basic unit of life. Cells are the smallest structures capable of basic life processes, such as taking in nutrients, expelling waste, and reproducing. All living things are composed of cells. Some microscopic organisms, such as bacteria and protozoa, are unicellular, meaning they consist of a single cell. Plants, animals, and fungi are multicellular; that is, they are composed of a great many cells working in concert. But whether it makes up an entire bacterium or is just one of trillions in a human being, the cell is a marvel of design and efficiency. Cells carry out thousands of biochemical reactions each minute and reproduce new cells that perpetuate life.
Cells: The word cell refers to several types of organisms. Cells such as paramecia, dinoflagellates, diatoms, and spirochetes are self-maintaining organisms; cells such as lymphocytes, erythrocytes, muscle cells, nerve cells, cardiac muscle, and chloroplasts are more specialized cells that are a part of higher multicellular organisms. Regardless of size or whether the cell is a complete organism or just part of an organism, all cells have certain structural components in common. All cells have some type of outer cell boundary that permits some materials to leave and enter the cell and a cell interior composed of a water-rich, fluid material called cytoplasm that contains hereditary material in the form of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).
Paramecium: The paramecium is a single-celled organism that propels itself by minute, hairlike projections called cilia. Cilia also create currents that sweep food particles toward the paramecium’s gullet for ingestion.
cell, a type of bacterium known as a mycoplasma, measures 0.0001 mm (0.000004 in) in diameter; 10,000 mycoplasmas in a row are only as wide as the diameter of a human hair. Among the largest cells are the nerve cells that run down a giraffe’s neck; these cells can exceed 3 m (9.7 ft) in length. Human cells also display a variety of sizes, from small red blood cells that measure 0.00076 mm (0.00003 in) to liver cells that may be ten times larger. About 10,000 average-sized human cells can fit on the head of a pin.
Along with their differences in size, cells present an array of shapes. Some, such as the bacterium Escherichia coli, resemble rods. The paramecium, a type of protozoan, is slipper shaped; and the amoeba, another protozoan, has an irregular form that changes shape as it moves around. Plant cells typically resemble boxes or cubes. In humans, the outermost layers of skin cells are flat, while muscle cells are long and thin. Some nerve cells, with their elongated, tentacle-like extensions, suggest an octopus.
In multicellular organisms, shape is typically tailored to the cell’s job. For example, flat skin cells pack tightly into a layer that protects the underlying tissues from invasion by bacteria. Long, thin muscle cells contract readily to move bones. The numerous extensions from a nerve cell enable it to connect to several other nerve cells in order to send and receive messages rapidly and efficiently.
By itself, each cell is a model of independence and self-containment. Like some miniature, walled city in perpetual rush hour, the cell constantly bustles with traffic, shuttling essential molecules from place to place to carry out the business of living. Despite their individuality, however, cells also display a remarkable ability to join, communicate, and coordinate with other cells. The human body, for example, consists of an estimated 20 to 30 trillion cells. Dozens of different kinds of cells are organized into specialized groups called tissues. Tendons and bones, for example, are composed of connective tissue, whereas skin and mucous membranes are built from epithelial tissue. Different tissue types are assembled into organs, which are structures specialized to perform particular functions. Examples of organs include the heart, stomach, and brain. Organs, in turn, are organized into systems such as the circulatory, digestive, or nervous systems. All together, these assembled organ systems form the human body.
The components of cells are molecules, nonliving structures formed by the union of atoms. Small molecules serve as building blocks for larger molecules. Proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and lipids, which include fats and oils, are the four major molecules that underlie cell structure and also participate in cell functions. For example, a tightly organized arrangement of lipids, proteins, and protein-sugar compounds forms the plasma membrane, or outer boundary, of certain cells. The organelles, membrane-bound compartments in cells, are built largely from proteins. Biochemical reactions in cells are guided by enzymes, specialized proteins that speed up chemical reactions. The nucleic acid deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) contains the hereditary information for cells, and another nucleic acid, ribonucleic acid(RNA), works with DNA to build the thousands of proteins the cell needs.
II CELL STRUCTURE:
Cells fall into one of two categories: prokaryotic or eukaryotic (see Prokaryote). In a prokaryotic cell, found only in bacteria and archaebacteria, all the components, including the DNA, mingle freely in the cell’s interior, a single compartment. Eukaryotic cells, which make up plants, animals, fungi, and all other life forms, contain numerous compartments, or organelles, within each cell. The DNA in eukaryotic cells is enclosed in a special organelle called the nucleus, which serves as the cell’s command center and information library. The term prokaryote comes from Greek words that mean “before nucleus” or “prenucleus,” while eukaryote means “true nucleus.”
A Prokaryotic Cells:
Prokaryotic cells are among the tiniest of all cells, ranging in size from 0.0001 to 0.003 mm (0.000004 to 0.0001 in) in diameter. About a hundred typical prokaryotic cells lined up in a row would match the thickness of a book page. These cells, which can be rodlike, spherical, or spiral in shape, are surrounded by a protective cell wall. Like most cells, prokaryotic cells live in a watery environment, whether it is soil moisture, a pond, or the fluid surrounding cells in the human body. Tiny pores in the cell wall enable water and the substances dissolved in it, such as oxygen, to flow into the cell; these pores also allow wastes to flow out.
Pushed up against the inner surface of the prokaryotic cell wall is a thin membrane called the plasma membrane. The plasma membrane, composed of two layers of flexible lipid molecules and interspersed with durable proteins, is both supple and strong. Unlike the cell wall, whose open pores allow the unregulated traffic of materials in and out of the cell, the plasma membrane is selectively permeable, meaning it allows only certain substances to pass through. Thus, the plasma membrane actively separates the cell’s contents from its surrounding fluids.
While small molecules such as water, oxygen, and carbon dioxide diffuse freely across the plasma membrane, the passage of many larger molecules, including amino acids (the building blocks of proteins) and sugars, is carefully regulated. Specialized transport proteins accomplish this task. The transport proteins span the plasma membrane, forming an intricate system of pumps and channels through which traffic is conducted. Some substances swirling in the fluid around the cell can enter it only if they bind to and are escorted in by specific transport proteins. In this way, the cell fine-tunes its internal environment.
The plasma membrane encloses the cytoplasm, the semifluid that fills the cell. Composed of about 65 percent water, the cytoplasm is packed with up to a billion molecules per cell, a rich storehouse that includes enzymes and dissolved nutrients, such as sugars and amino acids. The water provides a favorable environment for the thousands of biochemical reactions that take place in the cell.
Within the cytoplasm of all prokaryotes is deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), a complex molecule in the form of a double helix, a shape similar to a spiral staircase. The DNA is about 1,000 times the length of the cell, and to fit inside, it repeatedly twists and folds to form a compact structure called a chromosome. The chromosome in prokaryotes is circular, and is located in a region of the cell called the nucleoid. Often, smaller chromosomes called plasmids are located in the cytoplasm. The DNA is divided into units called genes, just like a long train is divided into separate cars. Depending on the species, the DNA contains several hundred or even thousands of genes. Typically, one gene contains coded instructions for building all or part of a single protein. Enzymes, which are specialized proteins, determine virtually all the biochemical reactions that support and sustain the cell.
Also immersed in the cytoplasm are the only organelles in prokaryotic cells—tiny bead-like structures called ribosomes. These are the cell’s protein factories. Following the instructions encoded in the DNA, ribosomes churn out proteins by the hundreds every minute, providing needed enzymes, the replacements for worn-out transport proteins, or other proteins required by the cell.
While relatively simple in construction, prokaryotic cells display extremely complex activity. They have a greater range of biochemical reactions than those found in their larger relatives, the eukaryotic cells. The extraordinary biochemical diversity of prokaryotic cells is manifested in the wide-ranging lifestyles of the archaebacteria and the bacteria, whose habitats include polar ice, deserts, and hydrothermal vents—deep regions of the ocean under great pressure where hot water geysers erupt from cracks in the ocean floor.
B Eukaryotic Animal Cells:
Eukaryotic cells are typically about ten times larger than prokaryotic cells. In animal cells, the plasma membrane, rather than a cell wall, forms the cell’s outer boundary. With a design similar to the plasma membrane of prokaryotic cells, it separates the cell from its surroundings and regulates the traffic across the membrane.
The eukaryotic cell cytoplasm is similar to that of the prokaryote cell except for one major difference: Eukaryotic cells house a nucleus and numerous other membrane-enclosed organelles. Like separate rooms of a house, these organelles enable specialized functions to be carried out efficiently. The building of proteins and lipids, for example, takes place in separate organelles where specialized enzymes geared for each job are located.
The nucleus is the largest organelle in an animal cell. It contains numerous strands of DNA, the length of each strand being many times the diameter of the cell. Unlike the circular prokaryotic DNA, long sections of eukaryotic DNA pack into the nucleus by wrapping around proteins. As a cell begins to divide, each DNA strand folds over onto itself several times, forming a rod-shaped chromosome.
The nucleus is surrounded by a double-layered membrane that protects the DNA from potentially damaging chemical reactions that occur in the cytoplasm. Messages pass between the cytoplasm and the nucleus through nuclear pores, which are holes in the membrane of the nucleus. In each nuclear pore, molecular signals flash back and forth as often as ten times per second. For example, a signal to activate a specific gene comes in to the nucleus and instructions for production of the necessary protein go out to the cytoplasm.
Attached to the nuclear membrane is an elongated membranous sac called the endoplasmic reticulum. This organelle tunnels through the cytoplasm, folding back and forth on itself to form a series of membranous stacks. Endoplasmic reticulum takes two forms: rough and smooth. Rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) is so called because it appears bumpy under a microscope. The bumps are actually thousands of ribosomes attached to the membrane’s surface. The ribosomes in eukaryotic cells have the same function as those in prokaryotic cells—protein synthesis—but they differ slightly in structure. Eukaryote ribosomes bound to the endoplasmic reticulum help assemble proteins that typically are exported from the cell. The ribosomes work with other molecules to link amino acids to partially completed proteins. These incomplete proteins then travel to the inner chamber of the endoplasmic reticulum, where chemical modifications, such as the addition of a sugar, are carried out. Chemical modifications of lipids are also carried out in the endoplasmic reticulum.
The endoplasmic reticulum and its bound ribosomes are particularly dense in cells that produce many proteins for export, such as the white blood cells of the immune system, which produce and secrete antibodies. Some ribosomes that manufacture proteins are not attached to the endoplasmic reticulum. These so-called free ribosomes are dispersed in the cytoplasm and typically make proteins—many of them enzymes—that remain in the cell.
The second form of endoplasmic reticulum, the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER), lacks ribosomes and has an even surface. Within the winding channels of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum are the enzymes needed for the construction of molecules such as carbohydrates and lipids. The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is prominent in liver cells, where it also serves to detoxify substances such as alcohol, drugs, and other poisons.
Proteins are transported from free and bound ribosomes to the Golgi apparatus, an organelle that resembles a stack of deflated balloons. It is packed with enzymes that complete the processing of proteins. These enzymes add sulfur or phosphorus atoms to certain regions of the protein, for example, or chop off tiny pieces from the ends of the proteins. The completed protein then leaves the Golgi apparatus for its final destination inside or outside the cell. During its assembly on the ribosome, each protein has acquired a group of from 4 to 100 amino acids called a signal. The signal works as a molecular shipping label to direct the protein to its proper location.
Lysosomes are small, often spherical organelles that function as the cell’s recycling center and garbage disposal. Powerful digestive enzymes concentrated in the lysosome break down worn-out organelles and ship their building blocks to the cytoplasm where they are used to construct new organelles. Lysosomes also dismantle and recycle proteins, lipids, and other molecules.
The mitochondria are the powerhouses of the cell. Within these long, slender organelles, which can appear oval or bean shaped under the electron microscope, enzymes convert the sugar glucose and other nutrients into adenosine triphosphate (ATP). This molecule, in turn, serves as an energy battery for countless cellular processes, including the shuttling of substances across the plasma membrane, the building and transport of proteins and lipids, the recycling of molecules and organelles, and the dividing of cells. Muscle and liver cells are particularly active and require dozens and sometimes up to a hundred mitochondria per cell to meet their energy needs. Mitochondria are unusual in that they contain their own DNA in the form of a prokaryote-like circular chromosome; have their own ribosomes, which resemble prokaryotic ribosomes; and divide independently of the cell.
Unlike the tiny prokaryotic cell, the relatively large eukaryotic cell requires structural support. The cytoskeleton, a dynamic network of protein tubes, filaments, and fibers, crisscrosses the cytoplasm, anchoring the organelles in place and providing shape and structure to the cell. Many components of the cytoskeleton are assembled and disassembled by the cell as needed. During cell division, for example, a special structure called a spindle is built to move chromosomes around. After cell division, the spindle, no longer needed, is dismantled. Some components of the cytoskeleton serve as microscopic tracks along which proteins and other molecules travel like miniature trains. Recent research suggests that the cytoskeleton also may be a mechanical communication structure that converses with the nucleus to help organize events in the cell.
C- Eukaryotic Plant Cells:
Plant cells contain a variety of membrane-bound structures called organelles. These include a nucleus that carries genetic material; mitochondria that generate energy; ribosomes that manufacture proteins; smooth endoplasmic reticulum that manufactures lipids used for making membranes and storing energy; and a thin lipid membrane that surrounds the cell. Plant cells also contain chloroplasts that capture energy from sunlight and a single fluid-filled vacuole that stores compounds and helps in plant growth. Plant cells are plant growth. Plant cells are surrounded by a rigid cell wall that protects the cell and maintains its shape.
Plant cells have all the components of animal cells and boast several added features, including chloroplasts, a central vacuole, and a cell wall. Chloroplasts convert light energy—typically from the Sun—into the sugar glucose, a form of chemical energy, in a process known as photosynthesis. Chloroplasts, like mitochondria, possess a circular chromosome and prokaryote-like ribosomes, which manufacture the proteins that the chloroplasts typically need.
The central vacuole of a mature plant cell typically takes up most of the room in the cell. The vacuole, a membranous bag, crowds the cytoplasm and organelles to the edges of the cell. The central vacuole stores water, salts, sugars, proteins, and other nutrients. In addition, it stores the blue, red, and purple pigments that give certain flowers their colors. The central vacuole also contains plant wastes that taste bitter to certain insects, thus discouraging the insects from feasting on the plant.
In plant cells, a sturdy cell wall surrounds and protects the plasma membrane. Its pores enable materials to pass freely into and out of the cell. The strength of the wall also enables a cell to absorb water into the central vacuole and swell without bursting. The resulting pressure in the cells provides plants with rigidity and support for stems, leaves, and flowers. Without sufficient water pressure, the cells collapse and the plant wilts.
III CELL FUNCTIONS
To stay alive, cells must be able to carry out a variety of functions. Some cells must be able to move, and most cells must be able to divide. All cells must maintain the right concentration of chemicals in their cytoplasm, ingest food and use it for energy, recycle molecules, expel wastes, and construct proteins. Cells must also be able to respond to changes in their environment.
A- Movement:
Bacterium Showing Flagella Although many forms of bacteria are not capable of independent movement, species such as the Salmonella bacterium pictured here can move by means of fine threadlike projections called flagella. The arrangement of flagella across the surface of the bacterium differs from species to species; they can be present at the ends of the bacterium or all across the body surface. Forward movement is accomplished either by a tumbling motion or in a forward manner without tumbling.
Many unicellular organisms swim, glide, thrash, or crawl to search for food and escape enemies. Swimming organisms often move by means of a flagellum, a long tail-like structure made of protein. Many bacteria, for example, have one, two, or many flagella that rotate like propellers to drive the organism along. Some single-celled eukaryotic organisms, such as euglena, also have a flagellum, but it is longer and thicker than the prokaryotic flagellum. The eukaryotic flagellum works by waving up and down like a whip. In higher animals, the sperm cell uses a flagellum to swim toward the female egg for fertilization.
Movement in eukaryotes is also accomplished with cilia, short, hairlike proteins built by centrioles, which are barrel-shaped structures located in the cytoplasm that assemble and break down protein filaments. Typically, thousands of cilia extend through the plasma membrane and cover the surface of the cell, giving it a dense, hairy appearance. By beating its cilia as if they were oars, an organism such as the paramecium propels itself through its watery environment. In cells that do not move, cilia are used for other purposes. In the respiratory tract of humans, for example, millions of ciliated cells prevent inhaled dust, smog, and microorganisms from entering the lungs by sweeping them up on a current of mucus into the throat, where they are swallowed. Eukaryotic flagella and cilia are formed from basal bodies, small protein structures located just inside the plasma membrane. Basal bodies also help to anchor flagella and cilia.
Still other eukaryotic cells, such as amoebas and white blood cells, move by amoeboid motion, or crawling. They extrude their cytoplasm to form temporary pseudopodia, or false feet, which actually are placed in front of the cell, rather like extended arms. They then drag the trailing end of their cytoplasm up to the pseudopodia. A cell using amoeboid motion would lose a race to a euglena or paramecium. But while it is slow, amoeboid motion is strong enough to move cells against a current, enabling water-dwelling organisms to pursue and devour prey, for example, or white blood cells roaming the blood stream to stalk and engulf a bacterium or virus.
B- Nutrition:
All cells require nutrients for energy, and they display a variety of methods for ingesting them. Simple nutrients dissolved in pond water, for example, can be carried through the plasma membrane of pond-dwelling organisms via a series of molecular pumps. In humans, the cavity of the small intestine contains the nutrients from digested food, and cells that form the walls of the intestine use similar pumps to pull amino acids and other nutrients from the cavity into the bloodstream. Certain unicellular organisms, such as amoebas, are also capable of reaching out and grabbing food. They use a process known as endocytosis, in which the plasma membrane surrounds and engulfs the food particle, enclosing it in a sac, called a vesicle, that is within the amoeba’s interior.
C Energy:
Cells require energy for a variety of functions, including moving, building up and breaking down molecules, and transporting substances across the plasma membrane. Nutrients contains energy, but cells must convert the energy locked in nutrients to another form—specifically, the ATP molecule, the cell’s energy battery—before it is useful. In single-celled eukaryotic organisms, such as the paramecium, and in multicellular eukaryotic organisms, such as plants, animals, and fungi, mitochondria are responsible for this task. The interior of each mitochondrion consists of an inner membrane that is folded into a mazelike arrangement of separate compartments called cristae. Within the cristae, enzymes form an assembly line where the energy in glucose and other energy-rich nutrients is harnessed to build ATP; thousands of ATP molecules are constructed each second in a typical cell. In most eukaryotic cells, this process requires oxygen and is known as aerobic respiration.
Some prokaryotic organisms also carry out aerobic respiration. They lack mitochondria, however, and carry out aerobic respiration in the cytoplasm with the help of enzymes sequestered there. Many prokaryote species live in environments where there is little or no oxygen, environments such as mud, stagnant ponds, or within the intestines of animals. Some of these organisms produce ATP without oxygen in a process known as anaerobic respiration, where sulfur or other substances take the place of oxygen. Still other prokaryotes, and yeast, a single-celled eukaryote, build ATP without oxygen in a process known as fermentation.
Almost all organisms rely on the sugar glucose to produce ATP. Glucose is made by the process of photosynthesis, in which light energy is transformed to the chemical energy of glucose. Animals and fungi cannot carry out photosynthesis and depend on plants and other photosynthetic organisms for this task. In plants, as we have seen, photosynthesis takes place in organelles called chloroplasts. Chloroplasts contain numerous internal compartments called thylakoids where enzymes aid in the energy conversion process. A single leaf cell contains 40 to 50 chloroplasts. With sufficient sunlight, one large tree is capable of producing upwards of two tons of sugar in a single day. Photosynthesis in prokaryotic organisms—typically aquatic bacteria—is carried out with enzymes clustered in plasma membrane folds called chromatophores. Aquatic bacteria produce the food consumed by tiny organisms living in ponds, rivers, lakes, and seas.
Mitochondria Mitochondria, minute sausage-shaped structures found in the clear cytoplasm of the cell, are responsible for energy production. Mitochondria contain enzymes that help convert food material into adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which can be used directly by the cell as an energy source. Mitochondria tend to be concentrated near cellular structures that require large inputs of energy, such as the flagellum, which is responsible for movement in sperm cells and single-celled plants and animals.
Amoeba Engulfing a Paramecium An amoeba, a single-celled organism lacking internal organs, is shown approaching a much smaller paramecium, which it begins to engulf with large outflowings of its cytoplasm, called pseudopodia. Once the paramecium is completely engulfed, a primitive digestive cavity, called a vacuole, forms around it. In the vacuole, acids break the paramecium down into chemicals that the amoeba can diffuse back into its cytoplasm for nourishment.
D - Protein Synthesis:A typical cell must have on hand about 30,000 proteins at any one time. Many of these proteins are enzymes needed to construct the major molecules used by cells—carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids—or to aid in the breakdown of such molecules after they have worn out. Other proteins are part of the cell’s structure—the plasma membrane and ribosomes, for example. In animals, proteins also function as hormones and antibodies, and they function like delivery trucks to transport other molecules around the body. Hemoglobin, for example, is a protein that transports oxygen in red blood cells. The cell’s demand for proteins never ceases.
Before a protein can be made, however, the molecular directions to build it must be extracted from one or more genes. In humans, for example, one gene holds the information for the protein insulin, the hormone that cells need to import glucose from the bloodstream, while at least two genes hold the information for collagen, the protein that imparts strength to skin, tendons, and ligaments. The process of building proteins begins when enzymes, in response to a signal from the cell, bind to the gene that carries the code for the required protein, or part of the protein. The enzymes transfer the code to a new molecule called messenger RNA, which carries the code from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. This enables the original genetic code to remain safe in the nucleus, with messenger RNA delivering small bits and pieces of information from the DNA to the cytoplasm as needed. Depending on the cell type, hundreds or even thousands of molecules of messenger RNA are produced each minute.
Once in the cytoplasm, the messenger RNA molecule links up with a ribosome. The ribosome moves along the messenger RNA like a monorail car along a track, stimulating another form of RNA—transfer RNA—to gather and link the necessary amino acids, pooled in the cytoplasm, to form the specific protein, or section of protein. The protein is modified as necessary by the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus before embarking on its mission. Cells teem with activity as they forge the numerous, diverse proteins that are indispensable for life. For a more detailed discussion about protein synthesis, see Genetics: The Genetic Code.
Ribosomes On the surface of the rough endoplasmic reticulum are numerous small, dark structures called ribosomes. Ribosomes, which are also found floating free in the cytoplasm, are the sites of protein synthesis.
E- Cell Division:
Most cells divide at some time during their life cycle, and some divide dozens of times before they die. Organisms rely on cell division for reproduction, growth, and repair and replacement of damaged or worn out cells. Three types of cell division occur: binary fission, mitosis, and meiosis. Binary fission, the method used by prokaryotes, produces two identical cells from one cell. The more complex process of mitosis, which also produces two genetically identical cells from a single cell, is used by many unicellular eukaryotic organisms for reproduction. Multicellular organisms use mitosis for growth, cell repair, and cell replacement. In the human body, for example, an estimated 25 million mitotic cell divisions occur every second in order to replace cells that have completed their normal life cycles. Cells of the liver, intestine, and skin may be replaced every few days. Recent research indicates that even brain cells, once thought to be incapable of mitosis, undergo cell division in the part of the brain associated with memory.
The type of cell division required for sexual reproduction is meiosis. Sexually reproducing organisms include seaweeds, fungi, plants, and animals—including, of course, human beings. Meiosis differs from mitosis in that cell division begins with a cell that has a full complement of chromosomes and ends with gamete cells, such as sperm and eggs, that have only half the complement of chromosomes. When a sperm and egg unite during fertilization, the cell resulting from the union, called a zygote, contains the full number of chromosomes.
IV - ORIGIN OF CELLS:
The story of how cells evolved remains an open and actively investigated question in science (see Life). The combined expertise of physicists, geologists, chemists, and evolutionary biologists has been required to shed light on the evolution of cells from the nonliving matter of early Earth. The planet formed about 4.5 billion years ago, and for millions of years, violent volcanic eruptions blasted substances such as carbon dioxide, nitrogen, water, and other small molecules into the air. These small molecules, bombarded by ultraviolet radiation and lightning from intense storms, collided to form the stable chemical bonds of larger molecules, such as amino acids and nucleotides—the building blocks of proteins and nucleic acids. Experiments indicate that these larger molecules form spontaneously under laboratory conditions that simulate the probable early environment of Earth.
Scientists speculate that rain may have carried these molecules into lakes to create a primordial soup—a breeding ground for the assembly of proteins, the nucleic acid RNA, and lipids. Some scientists postulate that these more complex molecules formed in hydrothermal vents rather than in lakes. Other scientists propose that these key substances may have reached Earth on meteorites from outer space. Regardless of the origin or environment, however, scientists do agree that proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids provided the raw materials for the first cells. In the laboratory, scientists have observed lipid molecules joining to form spheres that resemble a cell’s plasma membrane. As a result of these observations, scientists postulate that millions of years of molecular collisions resulted in lipid spheres enclosing RNA, the simplest molecule capable of self-replication. These primitive aggregations would have been the ancestors of the first prokaryotic cells.
Fossil studies indicate that cyanobacteria, bacteria capable of photosynthesis, were among the earliest bacteria to evolve, an estimated 3.4 billion to 3.5 billion years ago. In the environment of the early Earth, there was no oxygen, and cyanobacteria probably used fermentation to produce ATP. Over the eons, cya
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Infinix Hot 3 Specs Price
Infinix Hot 3 Specs Price
Infinix Hot 3 Review, Specs and Price in Nigeria
Infinix Hot 3 a successor to the Infinix Hot 2, is the latest smartphone device released by the Original Content Manunfacturer (OEM), Infinix mobility. Early this year, this high end device was announced on social networks by Infinix Mobility and has been said to be another android device that has been built for lovers of selfies.
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| Infinix Hot 3 |
By just looking at the infinix HOT 3, one might say that there is no difference between this device and HOT 2, but on comparing the specs and features of Hot 3 with that of its its predecessor, one will note that the Hot 3 comes with better features. Some of these include the latest android OS(6.0 marshmallow), larger RAM, display, and battery capacity, and a better camera. This device has been designed to provide good viewing angles, an amazing image capturing capability, deliver smooth performance and still retain the well known budget friendly nature of Infinix devices.
Also Read: Tecno Boom J7 Specs ad Price in Nigeria
ZTE Blade X9 Specs & Price
Samsung J1(2016) Specs and Price
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ZTE Blade X9 Specs & Price
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Overview Features
Comparing the specs of the Hot 3 with its predecessor, not much has changed especially in the camera specs of the Hot 3. But there are still some significant changes in the Hot 3 and some of which include a larger display screen, larger battery capacity and slightly better camera specs.
Display and Build
Instead of a 5-inch screen as found in the Infinix Hot 2, the Infinix hot 3 has a display screen of 5.5 inch with a resolution of 720 X 1280 pixels. At this resolution, images displayed on the Hot 3 may be slightly less sharper compared to images displayed on the Hot 2. The Hot 3 has a pixel density of 267ppi. This pixel density and resolution ensures that the device produces pictures with detailed and vivid quality.
Giving this phablet its sleek design is a body that is made from plastic and made available in five colour variants (Gray, Gold, Silver, Pink, Blue) and also a curvy rear panel that has a diamond texture making the device easy to hold and carry around.
Giving this phablet its sleek design is a body that is made from plastic and made available in five colour variants (Gray, Gold, Silver, Pink, Blue) and also a curvy rear panel that has a diamond texture making the device easy to hold and carry around.
Processor and OS
The Infinix Hot 3 is powered by a 1.3GHz quad-core MediaTek MT6580 processor, it runs on Android 5.1 Lollipop OS, has a 1 GB/2 GB variants of RAM and an Internal Memory of 16GB that can be expanded up to 32GB via microSD card. This devices 1GB and 2GB RAM models are offered at different prices and are available to complement individual usage requirements. The processor, OS coated with an optimized XUI skin and the RAM all enable the Infinix Hot 3 to provide fast performance and deliver long standby time.
Camera
The Hot 3 features an 8MP back camera which is capable of capturing 1080p videos at 30 frames per second (fps) or 720p at 60 fps. Its front camera of 2MP utilizes 16:9 light chip and 1.6 µm large pixel for high definition picture quality. The 84°wide-angle lens with soft flash on the front camera provides an ambient environment that allows pictures to be illuminated when shooting in low light conditions. Camera features on this device include focus tracking, timed photos, touch capture, voice recognition, timed photos, smile and gesture recognition.
Battery and Connectivity
The Hot 3 has a battery whose capacity is 3000mAh, an improvement over the 2,400mAh battery capacity of the Hot 2. This battery has been Optimized with low consumption design and is said to provide 9 hours of web browsing(ya right!!), 20 hours of talk time, and 33 hours of music.
Infinix Hot 3 Specs
Body | |
| Form factor | Touchscreen |
| Colors | Gray, Gold, Silver, Pink, Blue |
| Cover | Plastic |
Display | |
| Type | Super AMOLED capacitive touchscreen, 16M colors |
| Size | 5.5-inch IPS Touch Display |
| Resolution | 720 X 1280 pixels |
| Pixel Density | 267ppi |
Memory And OS | |
| Card slot | microSD, up to 32 GB |
| Inbuilt | 16GB |
| OS | Android 5.1.1 Lollipop |
| Processors | 1.3GHz quad-core 64-bit CPU, MediaTek Cortex-A53 MT6580 chipset, Mali400-MP2 GPU |
| RAM | 1GB/2GB |
Camera | |
| Primary | 8.MP |
| Features | phase detection, HDR, face and smile detection,autofocus, Geo-tagging camera with LED flash |
| Video | 1080p@30fps |
| Secondary | 2MP, up to 1920 x 1080-pixel pictures, soft flash |
Battery | |
| Capacity | 3000mAh Li-Ion battery |
Connectivity | |
| 3G | Yes |
| 4G | Yes |
| WIFI | Wi-Fi 802.11 a/b/g/n, Wi-Fi hotspot, DLNA, Wi-Fi Direct |
| Bluetooth | Yes v4.2 |
| GPS | A-GPS |
| NFC | No |
| USB | MicroUSB v2.0 |
| SIM | Dual micro SIM |
Other Features | |
| Sensors | Accelerometer, proximity, Ambient light sensor |
Price and Availability
In Nigeria, the Infinix Hot 3 can be preordered from reputable online stores in the country. The price of Infinix Hot 3 in Nigeria is expected to range from ?26,600 to ?37,000 depending on your location and whether you go for the 1GB or 2GB RAM variant.
Where to Buy Infinix Hot 3
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JUMIA FROM ? 26,000 BUY NOW
Also Read: Infinix Zero 3 X552 Specs and Price
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Tech Lasss Verdict:
The camera and battery capacity of the Infinix Hot 3 have been improved as well as its design which in turn gives it its premium look and feel. At the price the Hot 3 is being offered and the specs it features, ill say the Infinix Hot 3 has been carefully crafted with great engineering and is a good device for an average smartphone user.
Would I buy this device?
Well, after using the Infinix hot that has lived up to its name for being "HOT", i dont think i can buy the Hot 3. If the Hot was HOT and the hot 2 was HOTTER then i suppose the hot 3 will be the HOTTEST. Make sure you install an air condition on this device if you buy one. lol. Na, its a good device, you just go ahead and buy it. Also buy a pouch to go with it, youll thank me later.
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Tuesday, August 30, 2016
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Top Sites For Free SEO Site Audit
Top Sites For Free SEO Site Audit
A list of sites for free SEO Audit analysis of your website are listed in this post. To rank higher in search engine results, optimization of a website for search engines is a requirement. In the report generated by these SEO Audit sites, analysis of your websites domain and page authority, google pagerank, meta tags description and keywords, Sitemaps, broken links/dead pages etc are carried out. Also included in this report at the end each analysis are suggestions on where improvements are needed on your website. You get to see your sites performance in Search results and how to optimize it effectively to obtain better results and most especially, increase your websites traffic. Generally, the SEO Audit Analysis provides information on:
Also Read: 7 Best On Page SEO Techniques 2015 For Blog Traffic
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Other free SEO site audit you can try out include:
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Also Read: 7 Best On Page SEO Techniques 2015 For Blog Traffic
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Seo Site Audit tools
WooRank (http://woorank.com/)
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For SEO audit analysis, you should try mysiteauditor. Some features youll find are:
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White Hat SEO Techniques To Enhance Blog Traffic
Use the Free SEO Audit Sites listed above to start analyzing your site in order to identify common SEO errors on your website, potential problems and get solutions.
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